Frederick salathe



rain which hydrocarbon product, as well as the UNITED STATES PATENTQrricn.

FREDERICK SALATHE, OF JERSEY CITY, NElV- JERSEY, ASSIGNOR, BY MESNEASSIGNMENTS, TO THE LITIIO-GARBON COMPANY, OF NElV YORK, N. Y.

PAINT, VARNISH, JAPAN, aw.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Application filed November 12,1890.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, FREDERICK SALATHE, a citizen of the United States,residing at Jersey City, in the county of Hudson, in the State of NewJersey, have invented new and useful Improvements in Paints, Varnishes,Japans, &c., of which the following is a specification. The basis andessentially novel ingredient fr of the paint as well as the varnish orjapan f hereinafter described is a new hydrocarbon product, theproperties and characteristics of which will be presently set forth.

I shall describe first the manner of making the paint and then themanner in which the varnish or japan may be produced. The paint iscomposed of asuitable solvent and .t pigment or pigments, in conjunctionwith a peculiar and hitherto unknown hydrocarbon product of which I amthe inventor,

process by which it is obtained, is fully set forth and claimed by me inmy application for Letters Patent filed March 6, 1891, bearing SerialNo. 383,942, on which Letters Pat- 2 5 cut issue of even date herewith,and to which reference is hereby made for more complete information. Itis sufficient here to say that the said hydrocarbon product is aresinoid hydrocarbon of the (L H series, which has 0 substantially thefollowing analysis: carbon, 88.23; hydrogen, 11.59; oxygen, .06;sulphur, trace, the same being a solid material with a specificgravityof fromLOUO to] .028, tough andv of a glossy jet-blackcolor,flexible, and some- 3 5 what plastic at ordinary temperatures,soluble in naphtha, benzole, chloroform, bisulphide of carbon, partiallyin ether, completely in turpentine, rosin-oils, &c., capable ofwithstanding a temperature of 600 Fahrenheit and re- 0 sisting alkaliesand acids, excepting concentrated nitric and concentrated sulphuricacids. It is obtained from a natural substance,which, so far as I am atpresent informed, is found in the State of Texas only, but which,possibly, may exist in other localities, the treatment which I employfor obtaining this product consisting, essentially, in first separatingthe crude natural substance from the sand or shell-rock, in which it isfound in nature, by means of a solvent then separating or driving offthe solvent from the crude material Patent No. 452,761, dated May 19,1891.

Serial No. 371,122. (No specimens.)

thus obtained, and finally injecting steam or hot air into the saidcrude material in order to drive off the sulphur and volatile-oilconstituents which are combined therewith, as well as to supply the saidmaterial with the oxygen which is lacking in the natural substance, allas more fully set forth in my aforesaid application, Serial No.5383,9492.

In the preparation of my improved paint'I bring my hydrocarbon productto molten condition by-the application of heat, and in this conditionmix it with the solvent, the temperature bearing due relation to thevolatilizingpoint of the solvent used, so that it shall not besufficient to unduly volatilize and waste the solvent during the.operation of manufacturing the paint. \Vhen spirits of turpentine isused as the solvent, I prefer to heat it separately to near itsboiling-point, and then to mix it with the hydrocarbon product at asubstantiallycorresponding temperature. In this way I secure a perfectlyhomogeneous solution.

Anyother suitable method of incorporating the two together may of coursebe employed.

The proportion of solvent to the hydrocarbon product varies of coursewith the desired consistency of the paint. In general the hydrocarbonproduct may be from one-fourth to equal volume as compared with thesolvout. The solvent or liquid thus obtained has of course the blackcolor derived from the hydrocarbon product; but this color, by suitablepigments, can be controlled and varied, but not to a substantially whitetint. Light grays, greens, reds, blue, &c., may, however, be obtained bythe use of suitable pigments. The pigments of whatever color orcharacter desired are added to the substance and thor o oughlyincorporated therewith by grinding in the well-known mannerof grindingpaints or by any other appropriate means. The pigments may be whitelead, zinc, white or oxide of Zinc, ground asbestus, talc, infusorialearth, oxide of iron, Vermilion, chromegreen, ultramarine, or mixturesor combinations of these, or any other suitable pigments may be employedto produce the desired shade or color by modifying the original black ofthe solution. The quantity of pigment for any given q uantity or weightof paint varies of course according to the taste or shades desired.lirom two to twelve pounds of pigment (more or less) to the gallon ofsolution of the hydrocarbon product may be advantagcously employed,according to circumstances. Boiled linseed-oil may be added whendesired; but this, while permissible, is not necessary. A like remarkapplies'to d rying agents, such as borate of manganese, red lead,&c.,which maybe added in smallquantities, if desired.

The new and improved paint comprised in my said invention is stronglyadhesive to wood and metal, has a high brilliancy of surface, closelyresembling enamel, has great spreading properties, which facilitate itsdistribution upon the surface to be painted and enable a moderatequantity to cover a large surface. It resists dilute acids and alkaliesand the effects of noxious and corrosive gases, and is capable, withoutblistering and without losing its sufliciently flexible character, ofresisting a temperature excecding 400 Fahrenheit. It is thus especiallyadapted for hardening exposed surfaces, such as those of buildings,railroad-cars, iron-work, ships bottoms, &c., for coating the outersurfaceof the insulating material of electric wires, aml generallywhenever a strong and durable protective or insulating coating isdesired.

In the preparation of my improved varnish or japan I prefer to proceedas follows: I bring my hydrocarbon product to a semi-fluid or viscouscondition by subjecting it to proper heat, and I then incorporatetherewith a suitable solvent-c. 9., spirits of turpentine, benzole,toluole, xylole, bisulphide of carbon, chloroform, petro-benzine,refined petroleum, &c., or a mixture of them when desired. In thepreliminary melting or partial melting of thehydrocarbon product careshould be taken that its temperature does not reach the boiling-point ofthe subsequently-added solvent, for this would result in waste of thesolvent. The solution should be rendered homogeneous by carefulandeontinued stirring or otherwise. The proportion of solvent to anygiven quantity of the hydrocarbon product is de pendent upon the extentdesired in flowing or covering quality of the varnish or japan, thegreater the proportion of solvent the greater the surface over which thevarnish or japan may be spread. Thus the solvent by measure may be butone-fourth the quantity of the hydrocarbon product when a thick andjapan like varnish is desired. ()n the other hand a thin and easilyflowing varnish may be made with twelve volumes of solvent to one of thehydrocarbon product, and varnishes and japans of various consistenciesmay be made by varying the proportion of solvent between these twoextremes or even above and below the same. The solution in andincorporation with the solvent of the hydrocarbon product may preferablybe carried on with a closed vessel or receptacle to prevent evaporationof the solution.

An additional hardness and glass-likefinish when applied to use may begiven to the varnish or japan made as liercinbefore described byincorporating therewith a gumresin-snch, for example, as melted copalcapable of solution in the same or similar solvcut as that used withhydrocarbon product during the process of making the varnish or japan.

varnishes or japans made according to my invention have a deep -blackcolor, an extremely smooth and glassy surface when applied to use, andare capable of production at an extremely moderate cost. They may beadvantageouslyapplied to any metal or other surface or surfaces uponwhich a protective coating capable of resisting corrosion from any causeis desired, or for any other purposes for which a varnish may berequired, and inasmuch as the varnish or japan made according to myinvention is capable of resisting a temperature of 400 Fahrenheit oreven more, it may be employed in many cases for many purposes for whichordinary varnishes are entirely inadmissible, and, further, as itresists the action of ammonia, possesses a ti rm, hard, and glassyfinish when applied to use, it has special value as a varnish forcoaches, carriages, and other vehicles which are frequently stored orkept in close proximity to stables from which ammonia fumes are evolvedin large quantities.

\Vhat I claim as my invention is 1. A paint composed of theherein-described hydrocarbon product in conjunction with a suitablesolvent and a pigment or pigments, substantially as herein set forth.

2. A varnish consisting, essentially, of the herein-describedhydrocarbon product dis- I solved in a suitable solvent.

FREDERICK SAI'A'IIIE. Witnesses:

(JHAuLEs TAYLUR, Jonx (J. DICKINSON.

TOC

i It is hereby certified that the assignee, The Litho-Garbon Company, inLetters Patent No. 452,7 61, granted May 19, 1891, upon the applicationof Frederick Salath,

of Jersey City, New Jersey, for an improvement in Paints, Varnishes, Japans, eta,

' should have been described and specified as The Litho-O'arbon Company,a corporation of the State of New Jersey, instead of The Litho-OarbonCompany, of New York, N. I Y.; and that the said Letters Patent shouldbe read with this correction therein that the same may conform to therecord of the case in the Patent Office.

Signed, counter-signed, and sealed this 16th day of June, A. D. 1891.

[SEAR] CYRUS BUSSEY, Assistant Secretary of the Interior. Oountersigned:

C. E. MITCHELL, Commissioner of Patents.

